The Explanation of the Meanings of the

Names of the Prophet peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him


Know that the Prophet peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him has been called by many names and titles in the Qur'aan and Sunnah, each one of them describing a special quality of this exalted personality. And in understanding them and reflecting upon them, we can, by the permission of Allaah, increase in our love and following of the Messenger of Allaah peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him. This discussion is taken from 'Zaad al-Ma`aad' (1/88-97) of ibn al-Qayyim, rahimahullaah, summarized.

The names of the Prophet peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him are of two types:

Those names that are specific to him and none of the Messengers before him had these names, like Muhammad, Ahmad, al-Aaqib, al-Haashir, al-Muqaffee, Nabi al-Malhama.

Those names and qualities that are not specific to him, and were shared by the Messengers before him, but are found in him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him in the most complete and perfect forms. Like: Messenger of Allaah peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, His Prophet peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, His Servant peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, Prophet of Mercy peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him etc.

What follows is an explanation of some of them.

Muhammad: is a passive participle, whosoever is praised, possessing many praiseworthy qualities then he is muhammad. And Muhammad peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is praised more than any other person, and this is why - and Allaah knows best - he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him was called by this name in the Torah, due to the many praiseworthy qualities which he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him religion, and his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him nation possess such that even Moses wished that he would be from them.

Ahmad: Derived, as is Muhammad, from the noun hamd (praise). A group of scholars said that it is a passive participle, meaning: his praising of Allaah is more than any other person's praise of him, and therefore he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the most deserving of being praised and the first. So in meaning Ahmad is similar to Muhammad except that the distinction is that he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is Muhammad due to his possessing many praiseworthy qualities, and he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is Ahmad due to his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him being praised in a more excellent way than the praise of any other. And this is the most complete meaning of this word, and the most extensive in commending him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him.

Also these two names stem from his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him character, and the praiseworthy qualities specific to him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, and it is because of these that he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is called Muhammad peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him and Ahmad peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him. And he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the one who is praised by the People of the Heaven, the People of the earth, the People of the world and the People of the Hereafter.

Al-Mutawakkil: (The One who puts his trust in Allaah). In the Saheeh of Bukhaaree from the hadeeth of Abdullaah bin Umru who said, "I read the description of the Prophet peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him in the Torah: Muhammad is Messenger of Allaah peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, My servant and Messenger, I have called him al-Mutawakkil. He is neither rude nor harsh and he does not shout in the markets, and he does not return an evil for an evil, rather he overlooks and forgives. And I will not make him to die until I make firm the nation through him, causing them to say: there is none worthy of worship except Allaah." [1]

He peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the most deserving of this name, because the trust he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him put in Allaah to establish the religion was a trust unequaled by any other.

Al-Maahee: (the destroyer/effacer). This has been explained in the hadeeth of Jubair bin Mut`am: "al-Maahee: the one through whom Allaah destroys and effaces unbelief." [2]

Disbelief was not destroyed and removed by any single person as completely as was done by the Prophet peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him. For indeed he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him was sent, and all of the inhabitants of the earth were in disbelief, except for some remnants of the People of the Book. Consisting of the worshippers of idols, the Jews who had the Anger of Allaah on them, the Christians who had been misguided, the atheist Saabi`een, the worshippers of the stars and the fire, and the philosophers who did not acknowledge the laws of the Prophets. And Allaah effaced them all through His Messenger peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him until He established His religion and made it supreme over all others, and made it spread to the extent that the night and day spreads, and made his call as the rays of the sun in the various lands.

Al-Haashir: (the Gatherer). He peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the one who gathered and united the people at his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him feet, and therefore it was as if he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him had been sent for this purpose.

Al-Aaqib: (The Last). He peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the one who came at the end of the line of Prophets, and there is no prophet after him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him.

Al-Muqaffee: (). He peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the one who was sent with the characteristics of the Messengers that had preceded him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, and was their seal.

Nabi at-Tawba: (the Prophet of Repentance). It was by him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him that Allaah opened the door of repentance for the inhabitants of the earth [by them accepting his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him message], and Allaah forgave them with a forgiveness that was not given to the people before him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him. [3]

And the Prophet peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him was the one who sought forgiveness from Allaah the most, to the extent that he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him would say, "My Lord forgive me and turn toward me, You are The Oft-Forgiving, The Oft-Returning" [4], 100 times in a single sitting. And he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him used to say, "O people repent to Allaah, your Lord, for indeed I repent to Allaah 100 times in a day". [5]

And likewise the repentance of his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him nation is more complete than the repentance of all the other nations, the most quickest in being answered, and the easiest to be obtained. For the repentance of the previous nations was of the most difficult matters, to the extent that the repentance for the worshippers of the cow amongst the People of Israa`eel was to kill those worshippers. [6] But as for this nation, then from the Kindness of Allaah to it is that he has made repentance dependent upon sorrow and abstaining (from the sin in question).

Nabi al-Malhama: (The Prophet of Slaughter). He peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him was the one who was sent with Jihaad to the enemies of Allaah, and no prophet before him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him did Jihaad to the extent that the Messenger of Allaah peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him and his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him nation fought Jihaad. And the like of the large wars that took place between him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him and the disbelievers were not seen before him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him. For his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him nation fought the disbelievers in lands to the ends of the earth.

Nabi ar-Rahma: (The Prophet of Mercy). He peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him was the one whom Allaah sent as a Mercy for the universe. And Allaah was Merciful to all the people of the earth through him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, both the believers and the disbelievers.

Al-Faatih: (the opener/conqueror). It was through him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him that Allaah opened the door of guidance after it had been closed, and opened closed eyes and deaf ears and sealed hearts. And through him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him Allaah conquered the lands of the disbelievers, and opened the doors of Paradise, and opened through him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him the ways of acquiring beneficial knowledge and righteous actions. And He opened through him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him both the doors of this world and the hereafter.

Al-Ameen: (the Trustworthy). He peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the most deserving out of all creation for this name. For he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the trustee of Allaah of His revelation and religion. And he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the trusted one in the Heaven and in the earth. And this is why he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him was called al-Ameen before his peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him Prophet hood.

Al-Basheer: (the Bearer of glad tidings). He peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the bearer of glad tidings for the one who obeys him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him of reward, and he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him is the Warner (an-Nadheer) of the one who disobeys him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him of punishment.

And Allaah called him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him His servant (Abd) in many places in His Book for example, 'Blessed be He who revealed the Furqaan to His servant'. [7]

It is established that he peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him said, "I am the Master (sayyid) of the children of Aadam [on the Day of Judgment] and I am not being arrogant." [8]

And Allaah called him peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him an Illuminating Lamp (Siraaj Muneer). And all praise is due to Allaah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.



FOOTNOTES:

[1] Related by Bukhaaree in chapter dealing with the tafseer of Surah Fath.

[2] The full hadeeth is, "I am Muhammad, and I am Ahmad, and I am al-Maahee through whom Allaah effaces disbelief, and I am al-Haashir through who the people are gathered at my feet, and al-Aaqib after whom there is no Prophet." Related by Bukhaaree in the chapter dealing with the tafseer of Surah Saff

[3] For example, a person who enters Islaam shall have all his sins forgiven provided he does not persist in them while he is a Muslim.

[4] Related by at-Tirmidhee in the chapter of du`aa (no. 3430) and it is saheeh.

[5] Related by Muslim in the chapter of Dhikr and Du`aa.

[6] See Qur'aan (Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 54)

[7] Qur'aan (Surah Al-Furqan Verse 1)

[8] Related by at-Tirmidhee in the chapter 'Excellence of the Prophet peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him' (no. 3618) and it is saheeh.


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